What are the signs of a failing spark plug in a 2020 Toyota Highlander?

Signs of a Failing Spark Plug in a 2020 Toyota Highlander

When dealing with a failing spark plug in a 2020 Toyota Highlander, you may observe several symptoms that indicate an issue. Here are the common signs:

Tools Required

• OBD-II Scanner: To read diagnostic trouble codes.
• Torque Wrench: For proper torque specifications when reinstalling spark plugs.
• Socket Set (10mm and 12mm): For removing ignition coils and spark plugs.
• Spark Plug Gap Tool: To check the gap on new spark plugs.
• Compression Tester: To check engine compression (optional).
• Multimeter: To check for electrical issues (optional).

Step 1: Scan for Error Codes

1. Connect the OBD-II scanner to the vehicle's diagnostic port (usually located under the dashboard).
2. Read and record any DTCs. Look for codes related to misfires (P0300-P0306).

Step 2: Visual Inspection

1. Open the hood and inspect the ignition system.
2. Check for any visible damage to the ignition coils, wiring, or connectors.
3. Inspect the spark plug wires (if applicable) for wear or corrosion.

Step 3: Check Spark Plug Condition

1. Remove the engine cover if necessary (using a socket wrench).
2. Disconnect the ignition coil connectors and remove the coils (using a socket wrench).
3. Carefully unscrew and remove the spark plugs using a spark plug socket.
4. Inspect the spark plugs for:
   • Wear or eroded electrodes.
   • Fouling (oil, carbon deposits).
   • Cracks in the ceramic insulator.

Step 4: Check Spark Plug Gap

1. Use the spark plug gap tool to measure the gap on the new spark plugs.
2. Refer to the owner’s manual for the correct gap specification (typically around 0.043 inches for the Highlander).
3. Adjust the gap if necessary.

Step 5: Perform a Compression Test (Optional)

1. Remove all spark plugs for better access.
2. Insert the compression tester into the spark plug hole of each cylinder.
3. Crank the engine and record the compression readings.
4. Compare readings to factory specifications (typically around 180 psi).

Repair Instructions

If the spark plugs are confirmed to be faulty, follow these repair instructions:

Replacement Steps

1. Install New Spark Plugs:

   • Apply a small amount of anti-seize compound to the threads of the new spark plugs (optional).
   • Carefully install the new spark plugs by hand to avoid cross-threading.
   • Use a torque wrench to tighten the spark plugs to the manufacturer’s specification (usually around 13 lb-ft).

2. Reinstall Ignition Coils:

   • Reattach the ignition coils over the new spark plugs.
   • Reconnect the ignition coil connectors and ensure they click into place.

3. Reassemble the Engine Cover (if removed):

   • Replace any engine covers and secure them with the appropriate fasteners.

4. Clear DTCs:

   • Use the OBD-II scanner to clear any stored trouble codes.
   • Start the engine and check for smooth operation.

5. Test Drive:

   • Take the vehicle for a test drive to verify that the symptoms have resolved and the engine is running smoothly.

Conclusion

Replacing failing spark plugs can significantly improve engine performance and efficiency. Regular inspection and maintenance of the ignition system are essential to prevent future issues. If symptoms persist after replacing the spark plugs, further investigation into the ignition coils, fuel injectors, or engine management system may be necessary.